{"id":47011,"date":"2025-03-02T01:25:26","date_gmt":"2025-03-01T21:25:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mak.ge\/?p=47011"},"modified":"2025-03-02T01:25:28","modified_gmt":"2025-03-01T21:25:28","slug":"%e1%83%a0%e1%83%9d%e1%83%92%e1%83%9d%e1%83%a0-%e1%83%92%e1%83%90%e1%83%ac%e1%83%98%e1%83%97%e1%83%9a%e1%83%93%e1%83%90-%e1%83%93%e1%83%94%e1%83%93%e1%83%9d%e1%83%a4%e1%83%9a%e1%83%98%e1%83%a1%e1%83%ac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mak.ge\/?p=47011","title":{"rendered":"\u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10d7\u10da\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d3\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>25 \u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10ed\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d0. \u10d7\u10e3\u10db\u10ea\u10d0, \u10ec\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 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\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d4\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10da\u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u201c &#8211; \u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10e3\u10da \u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10d2\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10ed\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd \u10e9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d3\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10db\u10ea\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e3\u10d6\u10d4\u10e3\u10db\u10e8\u10d8. \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10d5\u10dd \u10e9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u201e\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10db\u10d0\u201c \u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4\u10da \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10dd. \u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e8\u10d9\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10e3\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e6\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e5 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d8\u10eb\u10d4\u10d1\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10d7\u10e3\u10db\u10ea\u10d0, \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10e3\u10da \u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d8\u10e1 18 \u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10e6\u10e3\u10de\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 19 \u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e6\u10d0\u10e0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10e1\u10ec\u10e0\u10dd. \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10ee\u10e1\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10eb\u10d4\u10d2\u10da\u10d8 1 \u10db\u10d0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7. \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10eb\u10d4\u10d2\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d8\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0, \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10eb\u10d4\u10d2\u10da\u10d8 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e2\u10d0\u10eb\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 (\u10d0\u10db\u10df\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d3 \u10f0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1) \u10e5\u10e3\u10e9\u10d0 #124-\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0 \u201e\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc \u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e9\u10d8\u10e1\u201c (\u10e1\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10ee\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10e9\u10d8) \u10d4\u10d6\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8. \u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d6\u10dd. \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e8\u10d9\u10dd\u10ea (1894-1921 \u10ec\u10ec). \u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e8\u10d9\u10dd\u10e1 \u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d9\u10d0\u10ea\u10db\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d0\u10e2\u10e7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e7\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d8\u10e1\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd. \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d4\u10e8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db\u10df\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4, \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d6\u10d4, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc \u201e\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10d1\u10d0\u10e9\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1\u10d9\u10d0\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d9\u10d0\u201c \u10d4\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. \u10ea\u10ee\u10d4\u10dc\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d0\u10db \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e1\u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 18 \u10ed\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0. \u10e9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7-\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10ea, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10e8\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e8\u10d9\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d9\u10d5\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ed\u10e0\u10d0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1921 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0\u10d8\u10e1\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e8\u10d9\u10dd\u10e1 \u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10d3 \u10eb\u10d4\u10d2\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d8\u10d2\u10dd \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10db\u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d6\u10d4. 1978 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d8 \u10eb\u10d4\u10d2\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da \u10e1\u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10d9\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d6\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10e1. \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10d5\u10dd \u10e9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10ec\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4\u10da\u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2 \u10d1\u10d0\u10ea\u10d0\u10ea\u10d0\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8: \u10dd\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0 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